Anxiety disorders impose a substantial burden on individuals and society, affecting mental health, quality of life, and health care systems. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has emerged as a promising treatment. However, existing meta-analyses often included participants without clinically diagnosed anxiety or related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VRET in reducing anxiety, phobia, behavioural symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients with anxiety-related disorders and PTSD.