During the 17 century, European anatomy underwent a profound epistemological transformation, leading to the gradual abandonment of Galenic doctrines and the adoption of the experimental method. In this context, the discovery of the lymphatic system and the functional redefinition represented a major innovation in modern medicine. Through systematic dissections, vivisections, vascular injection techniques and microscopic observations, anatomists such as Gaspare Aselli (1581-1626), Jean Pecquet (1622-1674), Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680), Thomas Wharton (1614-1673), Niels Stensen (Stenon) (1638-1686) and Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) helped to redefine the mechanisms of nutrition, absorption and circulation of bodily fluids. This paper analyzes the key stages of these discoveries, their theoretical significance and the epistemological impact on the transition from classical topographical description to modern three-dimensional simulation models and predictive diagnosis.